Holy cow! 不看不知道,一看嚇一跳。
我這陣子也太偷懶了吧!剛進文章管理才發現,我六月只發了兩篇,
七八月更慘只有一篇。
真是對不起廣大的讀者,好拉,以後我不會再抱怨沒人看我的英文自學blog了,
想不到我也變成了富姦之流。想當年也是興趣滿滿的看獵人,
而且我還收集了全套獵人,直到富姦開始迷上玩電動拖稿,才開始慢慢不看獵人了。
再加上後期畫風實在太狂野,在下資質平庸那種草稿式畫風實在不會欣賞。
之前因為環島文加上找工作沒發,暑假又因為上班時間大調整,
兩個月來我的下班時間幾乎都被我昏睡掉了。咳,好,我知道聽起來很像藉口。
Anyway,現在開學了,可以好好的回到正軌了。我會繼續加油的!
自從暑假前調整回美語老師之後,我又回去教美語了,
本來打算轉成國中導師,然後保護喉嚨去參加歌唱比賽,
順便找個翻譯兼職來做做,結果又被叫回去教英文了。
真不知是不是被英文詛咒了?
最近國二在學過去式,那今天就來談談過去式吧!
其實我一直很希望有人直接丟問題給我,這樣我就不用想主題了,
因為我實在是個很懶的人阿!(笑
不過既然沒人提問,那我就根據每週教學生的內容隨機挑選吧!
不知大家對過去式熟不熟?
在講過去式之前,先溝通個觀念。
時態跟語態是分開來的兩件事。所謂語態就是文法,文法是指單字或者說的更精確一點,詞性的排列順序;時態只是在文法的基礎上,把動詞抓出來變化而已。
什麼意思呢?比如完成式,S have/has p.p.。
I have studied English. 所謂過去式就只是把第一個動詞,have變成過去式had,其餘部份都在照抄。
變成I had studied English.
就像去健身房要穿運動服,要去上班要穿制服,
但是本質上你還是你,人並沒有任何不同阿。雖然穿制服比較帥。
好了這點請先放在心裡,不然到時候會被搞亂。
所謂的過去式,一言貫穿「把動詞抓出來變成過去式形態」,整個句子就是過去式了。
在中文裡時態在時間上,喂~我沒說廢話。
現在式:我要上學。未來式:我明天要上學。過去式:我昨天要上學。
句子組成都是一樣的,只是加上了時間,就有不同的時態。
但是同樣情況在英文中是不適用的,最大原因是英文的時間是可省略的。
I play basketball.
I played basketball yesterday.當然可以很清楚看出來是過去式。
但是如果省略了時間 I played bastketball.
還是個過去式,為什麼?
因為英文的時態在動詞上。
說得更清楚,幾乎所有的文法都在搞動詞,
動詞超可憐的,一直被別人搞。
咳,不好意思,最近跟國中生待在一起太久,有點習慣開黃腔。
那到底要怎麼把動詞變成過去式?
動詞分成兩種,一種叫規則動詞,一種叫不規則動詞。
所謂規則動詞就是在字尾加上ed的動詞,例如:play→played, study→studied, watch→watched.
而只要不是加ed就全都算在不規則裡了。包括長得不同的run→ran長一樣的hit→hit。
問題又來了,那要怎麼樣分辨這個詞是規則動詞還是不規則動詞呢?
比如我隨便寫十個單字。see, watch, run, like, taste, hear, look, hate, want, wish.
我怎樣知道以上的字哪些要加ed哪些不用加?
答案很不付責任,請把全部的不規則動詞背起來。
因為你一旦背起了全部的不規則,凡是你沒背到的都是加ed了。
是的,一如我上課愛講的那句「在英文裡聽到『不規則』,就好像聽到了『你要背』,就好像聽到了『不背你就死定了』。」
英文的世界裡永遠都充滿了不規則,而唯一的方法就是把不規則背起來,其餘的按照規則走就行了。
這裡補充一些常用的不規則動詞。
一、三態同形(AAA)
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
割 |
cut |
cut |
cut |
讀 |
read |
read |
read |
投、拋 |
cast |
cast |
cast |
使擺脫 |
rid |
rid |
rid |
花費 |
cost |
cost |
cost |
放、置 |
set |
set |
set |
打、擊 |
hit |
hit |
hit |
關、閉 |
shut |
shut |
shut |
傷害 |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
伸展 |
spread |
spread |
spread |
讓 |
let |
let |
let |
|
|
|
|
二、過去分詞和動詞原形同形(ABA)
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
變成 |
become |
became |
become |
跑 |
run |
ran |
run |
來 |
come |
came |
come |
|
|
|
|
三、過去式和過去分詞同形(ABB)
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
說 |
say |
said |
said |
得到 |
get |
got |
got |
付出 |
pay |
paid |
paid |
忘記 |
forget |
forgot |
forgot |
賣 |
sell |
sold |
sold |
坐 |
sit |
sat |
sat |
告訴 |
tell |
told |
told |
贏 |
win |
won |
won |
捉、抓 |
catch |
caught |
caught |
挖 |
dig |
dug |
dug |
教 |
teach |
taught |
taught |
掛 |
hang |
hung |
hung |
買 |
buy |
bought |
bought |
搓、抓 |
hold |
held |
held |
帶來 |
bring |
brought |
brought |
遇見 |
meet |
met |
met |
想 |
think |
thought |
thought |
餵食 |
feed |
fed |
fed |
戰鬥 |
fight |
fought |
fought |
領導 |
lead |
led |
led |
有 |
have |
had |
had |
射擊 |
shoot |
shot |
shot |
聽見 |
hear |
heard |
heard |
照耀 |
shine |
shone |
shone |
製造 |
make |
made |
made |
感到 |
feel |
felt |
felt |
建設 |
build |
built |
built |
保持 |
keep |
kept |
kept |
借出 |
lend |
lent |
lent |
睡覺 |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
送、傳遞 |
send |
sent |
sent |
離開 |
leave |
left |
left |
花費 |
spend |
spent |
spent |
掃 |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
丟棄 |
lose |
lost |
lost |
站、立 |
stand |
stood |
stood |
嗅 |
smell |
smelt |
smelt |
理解 |
understand |
understood |
understood |
拼寫 |
spell |
spelt |
spelt |
找到 |
find |
found |
found |
學習 |
learn |
learnt |
learnt |
意味 |
mean |
meant |
meant |
|
|
(learned) |
(learned) |
|
|
|
|
四、三態不同形(ABC)
(1)變其中一個字母i-a-u
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
開始 |
begin |
began |
begun |
唱 |
sing |
sang |
sung |
喝 |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
沉 |
sink |
sank |
sunk |
搖鈴 |
ring |
rang |
rung |
游泳 |
swim |
swam |
swum |
(2)詞尾變化為ear-ore-orn
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
忍受 |
bear |
bore |
born |
穿 |
wear |
wore |
worn |
撕裂 |
tear |
tore |
torn |
|
|
|
|
(3)過去式以-ew結尾;過去分詞以-wn結尾
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
吹 |
blow |
blew |
blown |
生長 |
grow |
grew |
grown |
畫 |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
知道 |
know |
knew |
known |
飛 |
fly |
flew |
flown |
投、擲 |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
(4)過去分詞以-en結尾
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
打碎 |
break |
broke |
broken |
說話 |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
選擇 |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
偷 |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
吃 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
咬 |
bite |
bit |
bitten |
落下 |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
駕駛 |
drive |
drove |
driven |
忘記 |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
躲 |
hide |
hid |
hidden |
給 |
give |
gave |
given |
騎 |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
升起 |
rise |
rose |
risen |
拿 |
take |
took |
taken |
看見 |
see |
saw |
seen |
醒 |
wake |
woke |
woken |
搖 |
shake |
shook |
shaken |
寫 |
write |
wrote |
written |
(5)其他
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
|
動詞原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
是 |
be (am, are, is) |
was、were |
been |
縫 |
sew |
sewed |
sewn |
做 |
do |
did |
done |
展示 |
show |
showed |
shown |
去 |
go |
went |
gone |
|
|
|
|
p.s. 動詞原形用在現在式或助動詞後;過去式用於過去式;過去分詞用於完成式或被動式。
資料來源:http://cashflow.tw/ShowPost/11.aspx
好的!以下來做練習了,請把以下句子變成過去式。
- I like pizza.
- I want to go to school.
- I am hungry.
- He don't like hamburger.
- She love me.
- Ian has already studied English.
- The pen is broken by Colin2.
還記得應該怎麼做嗎?
1.請先找出動詞,動詞的位置在主詞之後。
2.把動詞變成過去式。
3.剩下的照抄。
答案在以下反白。
- I liked pizza.
- I wanted to go to school.
- I was hungry.
- He didn't like hamburger.
- She loved me.
- Ian had already studied English.
- The pen was broken by Colin2.
PS:Colin2是我的一個學生,他今年小學一年級,
暑假上課時問他想叫什麼,他說想跟我叫一樣的名字,
我說但是我已經叫Colin了,你再叫Colin會亂掉,
不然我是Colin1你是Colin2好了。
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